Randrange In Python 3 | Notes On Reproducibility¶

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Python Number randrange() Method

Create a multidimensional array of random integers

Python’s NumPy module has a

numpy.random

package to generate random data. To create a random multidimensional array of integers within a given range, we can use the following NumPy methods:

• 
randint()

• 
random_integers()

• 
np.randint(low[, high, size, dtype])

  to get random integers array from low (inclusive) to high (exclusive).
• 
np.random_integers(low[, high, size])

  to get random integer’s array between low and high, inclusive.

Now, Let see the example.

Generate a 4 x 4 array of ints between 10 and 50, exclusive:


import numpy # 4 x 4 array newArray = numpy.random.randint(10, 50, size=(4, 4)) print(newArray)


Output:

[[10 48 30 24] [13 46 30 11] [12 28 49 26] [30 18 49 35]]

Generate a 5 x 3 array of random integers between 60 and 100, inclusive.


import numpy # 3 x 5 array of ints newArray = numpy.random.random_integers(60, 100, size=(3, 5)) print(newArray)


Output:

[[63 76 95 93 75] [71 84 63 99 93] [65 64 66 69 92]]

Bookkeeping functions¶

random.seed(a=None, version=2)¶

Initialize the random number generator.

If a is omitted or


None

, the current system time is used. If randomness sources are provided by the operating system, they are used instead of the system time (see the

os.urandom()

function for details on availability).

If a is an int, it is used directly.

With version 2 (the default), a


str

,

bytes

, or

bytearray

object gets converted to an

int

and all of its bits are used.

With version 1 (provided for reproducing random sequences from older versions of Python), the algorithm for


str

and

bytes

generates a narrower range of seeds.

Changed in version 3.2: Moved to the version 2 scheme which uses all of the bits in a string seed.

random.getstate()¶

Return an object capturing the current internal state of the generator. This object can be passed to


setstate()

to restore the state.

random.setstate(state)¶

state should have been obtained from a previous call to


getstate()

, and

setstate()

restores the internal state of the generator to what it was at the time

getstate()

was called.

Examples of randrange Python Function

Example 1: Generating a Rndom Integer Number Within the Given Range

Let’s look at an instance where we generate a random integer number from a range. This example demonstrates every variation of the random.randrange() function.

Output

As we have generated 3 random number with all three different cases. For generating num1 we just have passed 50, which will be taken by the randrange function as end limit. The start paramater will be 0(by default) here. So the num1 will be between 0 and 50. And for generating num2 we have passed 20 as starting parameter and 50 as an ending parameter. These 2 are when passed to this randrange function it will return num2 which will be between 20 and 50. At last for generating the random number between 30 and 60 but also it should be the multiple of 4, we have passed 30 in place of parameterm 60 in place of ending parameter and 4 in place of width paramter.

Example 2: Generate a Random Integer Number within the Range (multiple) of n

Let’s create a random number in the range of 10 to 90, such as 10, 20, 30,…, 80.

Output

In the example given above we want a random number between 10 and 90 but it should be a multiple of 10, so we will pass 10 as a width parameter and as a result randrange function will generate a randome number between 10 and 90 which is a multiple of 10.

Example 3: Generate a Random Integer Number with a Specific Length.

Additionally, you can produce random integers with a predetermined length. The randrange python function generates a random number of 3 digits from 100 to 999 where 4 digits (1000) is excluded, thus if you want to get a random number of length 3, enter the start and stop parameters as lowest number of 3 digit length (100) and least number of 4 digit length (1000).

Output

As we want a 3 digit number so we have pass starting limit which is of 3 digit itself and the ending limit should be the first 4 digit number, then only the random number which will be produced can be of 3 digit. So in the above example we have passed 100 as an starting limit(first 3 digit number) and 1000(first 4 digit number) as an end limit.

Example 4: Generate a Random Negative Integer Number.

A random negative integer value between -40 and -20 will be generated in the following example.

Output

In the example given above, both starting and ending limit of the range are passed negative to the randrange function. So it will return a any randome negative number that lies between -40 and -20.

Example 5: Generate Random Positive or Negative Integer Number

Output

As we can observe that range is given between -6 and 10, so when we passed these -6,10 inside the randrange function it have returned -3 in first time and on second time it have returned 6.

Cú pháp

Cú pháp của randrange() trong Python:

randrange ([start,] stop [,step])

Ghi chú: Hàm này không có thể truy cập trực tiếp, vì thế chúng ta cần import random module và sau đó chúng ta cần gọi hàm này bởi sử dụng đối tượng random.

Chi tiết về tham số:

• start : Điểm bắt đầu của dãy giá trị. Điểm này nên được bao gồm trong dãy.

• stop : Điểm kết thúc của dãy giá trị. Điểm này nên được loại trừ khỏi dãy.

• step : Bước để thêm vào trong một số để quyết định một số ngẫu nhiên.

Generate a list of random integer numbers

In this section, we will see how to generate multiple random numbers. Sometimes we need a sample list to perform testing. In this case, instead of creating it manually, we can create a list with random integers using a

randint()

or

randrange()

. In this example, we will see how to create a list of 10 random integers.


import random random_list = [] # Set a length of the list to 10 for i in range(0, 10): # any random numbers from 0 to 1000 random_list.append(random.randint(0, 1000)) print(random_list) # Output [994, 287, 65, 994, 936, 462, 839, 160, 689, 624]


Create a list of random numbers without duplicates

Note: In the above example, there is a chance of occurring a duplicate number in a list.

If you want to make sure each number in the list is unique, use the random.sample() method to generate a list of unique random numbers.

• The
  
sample()

  returns a sampled list of selected random numbers within a range of values.
• It never repeats the element so that we can get a list of random numbers without duplicates


import random # Generate 10 unique random numbers within a range num_list = random.sample(range(0, 1000), 10) print(num_list) # Output [499, 580, 735, 784, 574, 511, 704, 637, 472, 211]


Note: You can also use the step parameter of the range() function to specify the increment. For example, you want a list of 10 random numbers, but each integer in a list must be divisible by 5, then use

random.sample(range(0, 1000, 5), 10)


Sort random numbers list

Use the

sort()

function to sort a list of random integers in ascending order


import random sample_list = random.sample(range(50, 500, 5), 5) # Before sorting print(sample_list) # Output [305, 240, 260, 235, 445] sample_list.sort() # After sorting print(sample_list) # Output [235, 240, 260, 305, 445]


Conclusion

• Any random integer number can be generated using randrange Python function.
• Start and width parameters can be ignored by calling function.
• Random generation of number is widely used in casino games.
• Stop parameter value is excluded while generation of random number.

Phương thức Number randrange() trong Python

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